From the genetic control of the body scheme both in Drosophila, which is better studied in this respect than other objects) and in the mouse, since the participation of the genetic apparatus in the development of the brain in our case should be described as categories of certain events (the influence of genes on the development processes of different “levels”) . Characteristics of artificial and natural mutations (mainly mice) affecting the structure and function of the CNS will be given. Their study is important as laboratory models of human CNS diseases, and as "tools" for the analysis of normal brain function.